tail(1)

     NAME
          tail - output the last part of files

     SYNOPSIS
          tail [-c [+]N[bkm]] [-n [+]N] [-fqv] [--bytes=[+]N[bkm]]
          [--lines=[+]N] [--follow] [--quiet] [--silent] [--verbose]
          [--help] [--version] [file...]

          tail [{-,+}Nbcfklmqv] [file...]

     DESCRIPTION
          This documentation is no longer being maintained and may be
          inaccurate or incomplete.  The Texinfo documentation is now
          the authoritative source.

          This manual page documents the GNU version of tail.  tail
          prints the last part (10 lines by default) of each given
          file; it reads from standard input if no files are given or
          when a filename of `-' is encountered.  If more than one
          file is given, it prints a header consisting of the file's
          name enclosed in `==>' and `<==' before the output for each
          file.

          The GNU tail can output any amount of data, unlike the Unix
          version, which uses a fixed size buffer.  It has no -r
          option (print in reverse).  Reversing a file is really a
          different job from printing the end of a file; the BSD tail
          can only reverse files that are at most as large as its
          buffer, which is typically 32k.  A reliable and more
          versatile way to reverse files is the GNU tac command.

        OPTIONS
          tail accepts two option formats: the new one, in which
          numbers are arguments to the option letters, and the old
          one, in which a `+' or `-' and optional number precede any
          option letters.

          If a number (`N') starts with a `+', tail begins printing
          with the Nth item from the start of each file, instead of
          from the end.

          -c N, --bytes N
               Tail by N bytes.  N is a nonzero integer, optionally
               followed by one of the following characters to specify
               a different unit.

               b    512-byte blocks.

               k    1-kilobyte blocks.

               m    1-megabyte blocks.
          -f, --follow
               Loop forever trying to read more characters at the end
               of the file, on the assumption that the file is
               growing.  Ignored if reading from a pipe.  If more than
               one file is given, tail prints a header whenever it
               gets output from a different file, to indicate which
               file that output is from.

          -l, -n N, --lines N
               Tail by N lines.  -l is only recognized using the old
               option format.

          -q, --quiet, --silent
               Never print filename headers.

          -v, --verbose
               Always print filename headers.

          --help
               Print a usage message and exit with a status code
               indicating success.

          --version
               Print version information on standard output then exit.